Business Ideas

Corporate Financing

Corporate financing is a type of financing which is acquired by corporations. Typically corporate financing is obtained to finance projects designed to grow a corporation or by new companies which need capital in order to build the company up. Many corporations attempting to acquire corporate financing will obtain the services of a business loan broker in order to expedite the entire financing process and to obtain a better interest rate.

Corporate financing is considered one of the most difficult forms of financing to obtain. In many cases lending money to businesses can be one of the most lucrative types of loans a lender can make it is also one of the riskiest. This is related to the fact that only around 1 in 10 businesses succeed. This makes it a fairly high risk loan for business lenders. Typically any business that is looking to get corporate financing will need to have a fairly strong credit rating which proves to the lenders that they have a history of paying their loans off on time and in full. It is also considered beneficial for a company looking for corporate financing to have a revenue history which shows a consistent profit margin or a profit margin which has been steadily increasing over several years.

 Corporate financing is considered one of the most difficult forms of financing to obtain. In many cases lending money to businesses can be one of the most lucrative types of loans a lender can make it is also one of the riskiest. This is related to the fact that only around 1 in 10 businesses succeed. This makes it a fairly high risk loan for business lenders. Typically any business that is looking to get corporate financing will need to have a fairly strong credit rating which proves to the lenders that they have a history of paying their loans off on time and in full. It is also considered beneficial for a company looking for corporate financing to have a revenue history which shows a consistent profit margin or a profit margin which has been steadily increasing over several years.

Corporate financing is considered one of the most difficult forms of financing to obtain. In many cases lending money to businesses can be one of the most lucrative types of loans a lender can make it is also one of the riskiest. This is related to the fact that only around 1 in 10 businesses succeed. This makes it a fairly high risk loan for business lenders. Typically any business that is looking to get corporate financing will need to have a fairly strong credit rating which proves to the lenders that they have a history of paying their loans off on time and in full. It is also considered beneficial for a company looking for corporate financing to have a revenue history which shows a consistent profit margin or a profit margin which has been steadily increasing over several years.

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http://www.businessfinancebroker.com/Application-Form.php

http://www.businessfinancebroker.com/Application-Form.php

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Are you looking for a clear definition of corporate culture? You have come to the right place!

I have developed a definition of corporate culture after nearly 20 years of working with organizations and viewing them from the perspective of a cultural anthropologist as well as a strategy consultant with an MBA in finance.

The easiest way to think of corporate culture is that it is an energy field that determines how people think, act, and view the world around them. I often compare culture to electricity. Culture is powerful and invisible and its effects are far reaching. Culture is an energy force that becomes woven through the thinking, behavior, and identity of those within the group.

Corporate culture is created naturally and automatically. Every time people come together with a shared purpose, culture is created. This group of people could be a family, neighborhood, project team, or company. Culture is automatically created out of the combined thoughts, energies, and attitudes of the people in the group.

I have worked with entrepreneurs and venture capitalists involved in the start-up of technology companies. They want to work on the corporate culture once the company is profitable or “in the black”. It is much more difficult to change the corporate culture once it has emerged than to proactively create the corporate culture they want from the start.

The corporate culture energy field determines a company’s dress code, work environment, work hours, rules for getting ahead and getting promoted, how the business world is viewed, what is valued, who is valued, and much more.

Every company or organizations has numerous corporate cultures. For example, the marketing department and the engineering department may have very different corporate cultures which are both influenced by the overall organizational corporate culture. Many times these two sub-cultures clash.

Culture shows up in both visible and invisible ways. Some expressions of corporate culture are easy to observe. You can see the dress code, work environment, perks, and titles in a company. This is the surface layer of culture. These are only some of the visible manifestations of a culture.

Surface Layer of Corporate Culture: Visible Expressions
·Dress Code
· Work Environment
· Benefits
· Perks
· Conversations
· Work/Life Balance
· Titles & Job Descriptions
· Organizational Structure
· Relationships

The far more powerful aspects of corporate culture are invisible. The cultural core is composed of the beliefs, values, standards, paradigms, worldviews, moods, internal conversations, and private conversations of the people that are part of the group. This is the foundation for all actions and decisions within a team, department, or organization.

Core Layer of Corporate Culture: Invisible Manifestations
· Values
· Private Conversations (with self or confidants)
· Invisible Rules
· Attitudes
· Beliefs
· Worldviews
· Moods and Emotions
· Unconscious Interpretations
· Standards
· Paradigms
· Assumptions

Business leaders often assume that their company’s vision, values, and strategic priorities are synonymous with their company’s culture. Unfortunately, too often, the vision, values, and strategic priorities may only be words hanging on a plaque on the wall.

Corporate culture is actually the container for the vision, mission and values. It is not synonymous with them. In a thriving profitable company, employees will embody the values, vision, and strategic priorities of their company.

What creates this embodiment (or lack of embodiment) is the corporate culture energy field that permeates the employees’ psyches, bodies, conversations, and actions.
Companies need a good definition of corporate culture before they can begin to understand how to change the corporate culture.

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The current tax system imposed on corporations by the U.S. government is at best, a biased system; for corporations that have a net profit, taxes on those profits amount to a full one-third. So, if you’re doing business as a standard “C” corporation, and you do manage to make a profit, you’re going to owe Uncle Sam about 30%. That’s an amazing figure, so let’s look at some of the behind-the-scenes information that will help to enlighten us as to the “why” so much tax should be levied.

The first thing you must understand when dealing with the corporate tax structure, is that for the most part, many large corporations do not pay the complete 30% tax that would typically be levied against an individual if they were in the same situation; corporate accountants and the sheer process by which corporations must report their income, expenses, deductions, depreciation, dividends, and any other financial transactions allows for huge deductions that typically offset any tax due. This concept is a major topic of discussion today, as we attempt to better control and regulate corporate accountability for their finances.

When you have large corporations that are obviously reporting earnings and paying dividends, yet they pay no tax, you should be tipped off to the fact that there is a problem. How to fix that problem, may be another subject altogether.

The latest proposals have been to eliminate the corporate tax altogether. This would shift the tax burden to the individuals of this country; that is a tremendous shift from the post-war era of the Second World War, when corporations and individuals shared the responsibility almost equally. Thanks to the lobbying done by corporate lobbyists over the last thirty years, we’ve finally reached the point of no return. The latest proposals have come from within the halls of Congress to eliminate corporate tax, and let the average taxpayer assume all the responsibility.

In case some of you have noticed, we as individual citizens are losing more and more of our take home pay each year, to taxes of some kind. Medicare, social security, and income taxes take a larger portion of our dispensable income each year. This would take a step closer to making even more of our income the property of the tax man.

What about this seems unfair? As pointed out by the individuals who are in favor of eliminating corporate tax, it would encourage capital investment and job growth in this country and that is absolutely true, it theoretically would do just that. But since when does theory actually work in practice? Communism works in theory. Many individuals believe it is simply another way to provide tax-free income to CEOs, and Board Members. The latest scandals such as Enron and HealthSouth have shown this country real hard evidence of the corporate abuses that are rampant in this country, and so far uncontrolled. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has taken great steps toward greater accountability on the part of the corporate environment, but elimination of corporate tax is simply a legal way to avoid paying the tax.

The most interesting information I have found in researching this topic, is the fact that the media has paid little or no attention to these issues, thus allowing the purported growth of the corporate lobbyists to go virtually unnoticed by the American public. While mush emphasis has been placed on the Social Security issues we face, nothing has been mentioned about the loss of revenue we’ve experienced over the last thirty to forty years because of the decreased taxation of corporate America.

Where have tax laws and law makers turned to accommodate the decrease in corporate tax? There have been increases in individual tax liability and there has been an increase in sales tax. The sales tax affects the poorer of this country as a percentage of income, than the rich. The loss of revenue from the corporate structure of this country have led to starved educational systems, cities and counties that are revenue poor, and a economic system for the poor that only becomes harder to sustain.

When you factor in the ability of the wealthy and the corporate entities of this country to hire brilliant accountants that find loopholes in the tax system, and relieve their clients entirely of their tax liability, you cannot believe that the current system operates for the people, by the people, can you?

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There is no doubt that interest in corporate governance has substantially increased in recent years. Not only have separate states adopted their own corporate codes but also changes in corporate governance are directed at a global level. For developing economies, corporate governance helps to achieve stable economic growth by means of effective management of corporations and, to some extent, governments (Bushman and Smith 2001). Countries which already possess advanced corporate governance standards strive to strengthen adherence to them. It goes without saying that the catalyst of the process was the corporate and financial collapse of Enron. The crash of this company illustrated that even a company with good financial results might go bankrupt if it lacked solid corporate governance mechanisms guaranteeing trustworthy work of non-executive directors, auditors and the board of directors. Following the scandal, the regulators all over the world developed a number of policies to prevent further failures (Papers4you.com, 2006). Among the most influential documents are the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Higgs Report of 2003.

So what is corporate governance? There exist numerous definitions of corporate governance, though most of them can be divided into the so called “narrow” and “broad” views (Shankman 1999). The former emphasizes the role of corporate governance in improvement of the relationship between an enterprise and its shareholders. In other words, the main stress here is on resolving the agency problem. On the other hand, the latter and more modern approach states that corporate governance facilitates relationships not only between a company and its shareholders, but also between different stakeholders in the company, including employees, customers, suppliers, bondholders and the government. Therefore, corporate governance becomes important for the society as a whole (Papers4you.com, 2006). There is growing evidence that recent changes in corporate governance make its practical realization conforming to the second view.

It is interesting to look at the most pronounced tendencies in corporate governance development. First, it is increasing institutional investor activism. Big asset management funds, pension funds and other institutional investors now not only passively wait for return on their invested funds, but discharge accountability, for instance, when it comes to directors’ remuneration. Second, there is some evidence of harmonization in corporate governance standards. This process is led by globalization of international trade and financial activities. As a result, many countries adopt the OECD (1999) principles of corporate governance, which predominantly represent an Anglo-American style of governance. However, due to significant political, legal, religious and other differences between various countries it is difficult to expect a high degree of convergence. Third, the scope of corporate governance goals has also increase. Nowadays, managers of corporations make decisions taking into account corporate social responsibility. In other words, social and environmental issues now increasingly determine how well the company performs (Alexander and Buchholz 1978). To sum up, corporate governance in the 21st century is the system of checks and balances which ensures that business entities act in a socially responsible way in all their endeavors, while maximizing shareholders’ value.

References

Alexander, G. J. and R. A. Buchholz (1978). “Corporate social responsibility and stock market performance.” Academy of Management Journal 21(3): 479-486.

Bushman, R. M. and A. J. Smith (2001). “Financial accounting information and corporate governance.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 32: 237-333.

Papers For You (2006) “C/F/119. Globalization and Corporate Governance”, Available from http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/sprtfina23.htm [19/06/2006]

Papers For You (2006) “P/F/397. Corporate governance and Sarbanes Oxley Act law”, Available from Papers4you.com [19/06/2006]

Shankman, N. A. (1999). “Reframing the debate between agency and stakeholder theories of the firm.” Journal of Business Ethics 19: 319-334.